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    • 专利摘要:
    gantry comprising a beam analyzer for use in particle therapy. The present invention relates to an apparatus for particle therapy and intended for radiation therapy. more specifically, this invention relates to a particle beam emission gantry comprising means for analyzing the received beam. the means are integrated within the gantry to restrict beam pulse diffusion and / or beam emission.
    公开号:BR112012009315B1
    申请号:R112012009315-0
    申请日:2010-10-19
    公开日:2018-02-06
    发明作者:Jongen Yves
    申请人:Ion Beam Applications；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) Title: GANTRY UNDERSTANDING A BEAM ANALYZER, FOR USE IN PARTICULAR THERAPIES (51) Int.CI .: A61N 5/10; G21K 1/02 (30) Unionist Priority: 23/10/2009 EP 09173989.6 (73) Owner (s): ΙΟΝ BEAM APPLICATIONS (72) Inventor (s): YVES JONGEN
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    GANTRY UNDERSTANDING A BEAM ANALYZER, FOR USE
    IN PARTICULAR THERAPIES
    Field of the Invention
    The present invention relates to an apparatus for therapy with charged particles, used for radiation therapies. More specifically, this invention relates to a rotating gantry, designed to receive a beam of charged particles, in a direction that leads substantially along an axis of rotation of the gantry, for the transport and emission of said beam to a target at to be treated.
    Background of the Invention
    Radiotherapy with the use of charged particles (such as protons, carbon ions, etc.) has been shown to be a precise technique of conformational radiotherapy, capable of enabling the emission of a high dose for a target volume, as well as minimizing the dose emitted to healthy tissues that surround it. Generally speaking, an apparatus for particle therapy comprises an accelerator that produces charged energetic particles, as well as a beam transport system to guide the particle beam towards one or more treatment rooms, and, for each treatment room. treatment, a particle beam emission system. It is possible to distinguish two types of beam emission systems, namely: fixed beam emission systems, which emit the beam to the target from a fixed irradiation direction, and rotating beam emission systems, which are capable of beam the beam to the target from multiple directions of radiation. Such a rotating beam emission system is also called gantry. The target is usually located in a fixed position, defined by the intersection between the axis of rotation of the gantry and the central axis of the treatment beam. This crossing point is called an isocenter, and the aforementioned type of gantry, capable of emitting beams from different directions to the isocenter, is called isocentric gantry.
    The gantry beam emission system comprises devices designed to shape the beam so that it fits the target. The two main techniques used in particle beam therapy to shape the beam are as follows: the most common passive dispersion techniques and the most advanced dynamic radiation techniques. An example of the dynamic radiation technique consists of
    2/16 in the so-called “pen beam” (PBS) scanning technique. In the PBS technique, a narrow pen-shaped beam is magnetically scanned over an orthogonal plane, towards the central beam axis. Lateral compliance in the target volume is achieved through an adequate control of the scanning magnets. In-depth compliance in the target volume is achieved through proper control of the beam energy. In this way, the radiation dose of the particles can be emitted to the entire target volume in 3D.
    The energy levels that have to be presented by the particle beam in order for them to reach a sufficiently deep penetration in the patient depend on the type of particles used. For example, for proton therapies, the beam energy usually varies between 70 MeV and 250 MeV. For each type of penetration level required, it is necessary to vary the energy level of the beam. The energy diffused by the beam must be restricted, as this factor directly influences the distal decline in the dose.
    However, not all types of accelerators can perform variations in energy. For fixed energy accelerators (such as, for example, a fixed isochronous cyclotron), a power selection system (ESS) is usually installed between the accelerator outlet and the treatment room, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 Such an energy selection system is described by Jongen et al., In “The proton therapy system for the NPTC: equipment description and progress report”, Nuc. Instr. Meth. In Phys. Res. B 113 (1996) 522-525. The function of the Energy Selection System (ESS) is to transform the fixed energy beam extracted from the cyclotron (for example, 230 MeV or 250 MeV for protons) into a beam with a variable energy level, between the fixed energy of the cyclotron and a minimum level of energy required (eg 70 MeV for protons). The resulting beam must have a verified and controlled level of absolute energy, diffused energy and emission.
    The first element of the ESS consists of a carbon energy degrader, which allows energy to be degraded by inserting, in the beam line, carbon elements with a certain thickness. Such an energy degrader is described in patent EP1145605. Due to this energy degradation, there is an increase in the emission and diffusion of the beam energy. The degrader is followed by incisions in the emission, intended to restrict the
    3/16 beam emission, and by an analysis and selection device of an impulse or energy to restore (that is, restrict) the energy diffused in the beam.
    Fig. 1 shows a well-known energy selection system 10, together with an immobile fixed energy accelerator 40 (in this example, a cyclotron). After the degragator and the emission restriction slits, the beam crosses a 120 ° achromatic curve, composed of two groups of two 30 ° curves. In order to meet the specifications necessary for the distal decline, the diffusion of the impulse or energy in the beam is restricted by a slit positioned in the center of the curve. Before the curve, and between the two groups of two 30 ° inclined magnets, the beam is focused by quadruples, so that the thickness of the beam emission is small, and the dispersion in the slot position is wide.
    The entire beam line that starts at the energy degradator 41, and continues until the treatment isocenter 50, forms an optical system that is achromatic, that is, an optical system of beams endowed with image properties that are independent of impulse (without dispersion) and its transverse position. The beam line can be divided into numerous sections, each of which forms an achromatic lens. As shown in Fig. 2, the first section consists of ESS 10, followed by a straight section of achromatic bundles, which brings the bundle to the entry point of a treatment room. In the case of a treatment room that contains a gantry, that entry point will correspond to the entry or coupling point of the rotating gantry 15. The gantry beam line will then form a third section of achromatic beam lines. In the case of configuring a single treatment room for particle therapy, as shown in Fig. 3, the beam line comprises two sections of achromatic beam lines: a first section consists of ESS 10, which brings the beam up to the point the entrance point of the gantry, and the second achromatic section corresponds to the beam line of the rotating gantry 15. At the entrance point of the gantry, the beam must have the same degree of emission in X and Y, in order to reach an optical solution for the gantry beam that does not depend on the rotation angle of the gantry. The X and Y axes are perpendicular to each other, and in relation to the central beam path. The X axis is located on the inclined plane of the bipolar magnets.
    One of the disadvantages of using such a degrader and the
    4/16 energy consists of the fact that this device requires a relatively large area, as shown in Fig. 1, and therefore a large building coverage area. Installing an ESS also has an exceptional equipment cost.
    The present invention aims to offer a solution to circumvent, at least partially, the problems presented by the prior art. One of the objectives of this invention is to provide an apparatus for therapy with charged particles, which is of a reduced size, and can be constructed at a lower cost, when compared to apparatus for therapy with particles, provided by the prior art.
    Summary of the Invention
    The present invention is defined and characterized by the appended claims.
    In the configurations provided by the prior state of the art for particle therapies, as shown, for example, in Figures 1 to 3, the functionalities of the restriction to the diffusion of impulses (or energy, equivalent to it) and the beam emission are achieved using an autonomous device, namely the energy selection system (ESS) 10, installed between the immobile accelerator 40 and the rotating gantry 15. As shown in Fig. 1, a first element of the ESS consists of a degrader energy 41, which is used to degrade the energy of the particle beam of the fixed energy accelerator 40.
    This invention features a beam emission system through a rotating gantry, equipped with a configuration for straight lines of gantries that performs numerous functions:
    • The well-known function of transporting, tilting and shaping a bundle of particles that is being introduced, in order to make it possible to send a bundle of therapeutic particles to a gantry treatment center, for use in particle therapy;
    • The additional function of restricting the energy diffusion of the particle beam being introduced to a maximum chosen value. Thanks to the present invention, the functionality of the ESS to restrict the energy or pulse beam diffusion to a selected value is
    5/16 performed by the gantry system itself, thus allowing a reduction in the size and costs involved in the facilities for administering a particle therapy.
    In the context of the present invention, pulse diffusion is defined as the standard deviation of the particle impulses at a given location, being expressed as a percentage of the average of the pulses of all particles located at that location. Whenever the means to restrict the diffusion of the impulse are located in the gantry, such means will preferably be designed to restrict the diffusion of the mentioned impulse to 10%, more preferably to 5%, and, even more preferably, to 1% over the average pulses of all particles.
    The gantry preferably also performs a second complementary function, namely, that of restricting the emission of transverse beams from the particle beam being introduced to a selected maximum value, which contributes to further reduce the costs and the size of the facilities. for administering particle therapies.
    More preferably, the gantry according to the invention also comprises a collimator, installed between the entry point of the gantry and a first quadruple magnet present in the gantry. This collimator is used to reduce the beam emission, before the beam arrives at the first magnet located on the beam line of the gantry.
    In an alternative preferred embodiment of the invention, the aforementioned collimator is installed outside the gantry, that is, between the energy degrader and the entry point of the gantry.
    The invention also offers an apparatus for particle therapies comprising an immobile particle accelerator, an energy degrader and a rotating gantry provided with means to restrict the diffusion of the beam impulse. Preferably, said gantry also comprises means for restricting beam emission.
    Alternatively, an apparatus for particle therapies is presented, comprising an immobile particle accelerator, an energy degrader, a rotating gantry equipped with means to restrict the diffusion of the beam impulse, and a collimator installed between the mentioned degradator. of energy / 16 and the aforementioned gantry, and intended to restrict the emission of beams. More preferably, said gantry comprises other means to restrict beam emission.
    Brief Description of Drawings
    Fig. 1 shows a representation of the well-known energy selection system, to be used with a fixed energy cyclotron.
    Fig. 2 presents a classic layout of a known straight beam configuration for particle therapies.
    Fig. 3 shows a known layout scheme for a single room configuration for administering particle therapies.
    Fig. 4 shows a diagram showing an exemplary form of device according to the invention.
    Fig. 5 shows the results of the beam optics calculation, with respect to an example of gantry according to the invention.
    Fig. 6 shows the results of the beam optics calculation, with respect to another example of gantry configuration, according to the invention.
    Detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention
    The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it is obvious that anyone skilled in the art will be able to conceive several equivalent embodiments of the invention, or even other means of carrying out this invention. The drawings described herein are intended for mere schematics, and not to restrict the scope of the invention. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may contain exaggerations, since, for their mere illustrative purposes, such figures are not drawn to scale.
    Fig. 4 shows an exemplary configuration of therapy with the use of particles, according to the invention. In this example, the rotating gantry according to the invention is coupled to a particle accelerator that is immobile and fixed energy 40, in order to form an apparatus for a single room for administering therapies with particles 100. An example of an accelerator of proton particles consists of a superconducting syncrocycloton, which has a compact geometry (for example, having a radius of
    7/16 extraction of 1.2 m). The gantry according to the invention is installed in the gantries room, and a shield wall (such as, for example, a 1.7 m thick concrete wall) separates the gantry room from that of the accelerator. An energy degrader 41 is installed between the accelerator 40 and a gantry entry point 45 (coupling point). This energy degradator 41 is positioned inside the accelerator room, exactly in front of the shield wall 52 that separates the accelerator room from the gantry room. The entry point of gantry 45 is located after the degradator 41, and constitutes an entry window for the beam line of the gantry. This entry window 45 consists of the first part of a straight section of gantry bundles, where the bundle is entering the gantry in a direction that substantially travels the axis of rotation of the gantry. The axis of rotation of the gantry is indicated by a horizontal line of dotted dashes, which crosses the isocenter 50 and the entry point 45. As shown in Fig. 4, there is no pulse or energy analyzer device installed between the degradator and the entry point of the gantry, as in the systems foreseen by the previous state of the art (Figures 1 to 3).
    Similar to what occurs in the configurations contemplated by the prior state of the art, and shown in Figures 1 to 3, there is a small section of straight lines between the accelerator outlet and the degrader 41, where two magnets are installed, for example quadruples 44 for the transport and the focus of the beam inside a small point (for example, between 0.5 and 2 mm per sigma) located in the energy degradator. The energy degradator 41 can be, for example, quickly adjustable, servo-controlled, rotary, provided with a variable thickness and composed of a cylinder of degradable material (as shown in patent EP1145605). The distance between the accelerator outlet and the degrader can be approximately 2 m. Other types of energy degradation systems can also be used, such as, for example, a welding with lateral mobility, and molded from degraders.
    The energy degrader currently employed by the depositor has, at its entrance, an integrated monitor of the horizontal-vertical profile of the beams, which allows the measurement of the size and position of the beam point and, through the algorithm of a control system, performs the automatic adjustment of the
    8/16 beams upstream. Thus, the beam in the degrader 41 can be well defined; for example, the beam is focused inside a small waist, with a width reduced in half, and that does not exceed 2 mm in both planes. Under such conditions of the beams at the entrance, the output emission of the energy-degraded beams is dominated by numerous dispersers in the degrader, being relatively independent of the conditions of the entrance. After the energy degradation, the resulting beam can be considered a divergent beam of a virtual X and Y waist in the degrader, with a certain size and degree of divergence. The two orthogonal axes of X and Y coordinates are perpendicular (transverse) to the path of the central beam. Emissions in X and Y (also referred to as “transverse emissions”) can be considered to be substantially identical in this regard. The more pronounced the reduction in energy introduced by the degrader, the greater the transverse emission in X and Y, and the greater the diffusion of pulses from the degraded beam.
    The embodiment of the invention consists of a configuration of a gantry 43 which comprises means to restrict the diffusion of the pulses from the received beams. The beams that enter the gantry and comprise particles with an average pulse value and a pulse diffusion.
    To restrict the diffusion of the pulses from the received beam, a pair of slots 43 are installed in the gantry for the analysis of the pulses.
    Such pulse analyzer slots 43 are preferably located in a position along the beam path and where the beam particles are dispersed according to their momentum.
    Most preferably, these slots are installed in a position where the nominal dispersion is greater than the nominal beam size. The nominal dispersion is defined as a transverse displacement of a particle, whose impulse differs by 1% (one percent) in relation to an average impulse P of all the particles in the beam. The nominal beam size is defined as the value of a sigma the size of a beam in X of a beam of monoenergetic particles that have the average impulse P. Assuming that the nominal dispersion corresponds to 2.5 cm, it is concluded that a particle with an impulse P '= 1.01.P will be displaced by 2.5 cm in X, from a particle with an impulse P. In this example, a particle with an impulse
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    P ’= 0.99.P will also be shifted by 2.5 cm in X, although its X coordinate has an opposite sign.
    The impulse restriction slits can, for example, be installed in a position where the nominal X beam size is between 0.2 and 1 cm, and the normal X dispersion is between 1 and 3 cm. When opening or closing the slits, it is possible to obtain the maximum diffused impulse that is necessary (chosen). For example, it is possible to choose to restrict the maximum diffused pulse to 0.5% of the average pulse, thanks to the respective adjustment in the slots. If someone wants to restrict the maximum pulse spread to 0.4% of the average pulse, it will be necessary to close the pair of pulse slots further. For this, it is possible to create a calibration curve, defining the gap opening as a function of the required diffused pulse.
    In the configuration shown in Fig. 4, the nominal dispersion is wide when compared to the beam size in the position between the number 7 quadratic magnet of the gantry and the second bipolar magnet 48, thus having a preferential position for the installation of the slots restrictive of diffused impulses. For example, such slots can be installed just before the second bipolar magnet 48. The exact position may vary depending on the details of the gantry configuration.
    Instead of using a pair of slots as a means to reduce the beam's diffuse impulse, it is also possible to employ other means. For example, there is a possibility of using openings or collimators with varying diameters, which can be placed on the beam line, and, preferably, in the positions mentioned above.
    In the example shown in Fig. 4, a gantry is presented for sending scanning beams to the treatment center 50, and the gantry beam line comprises three bipolar magnets 47, 48 and 49, as well as seven quadruple magnets. In this gantry configuration, scanning magnets 46 are installed upstream of the last bipolar magnet 49. Between the entry point of gantry 45 and the first bipolar magnet, and between the first and second bipolar magnets, there are two and five quadruple magnets respectively.
    Preferably, in addition to the means 43 to restrict the diffusion of the pulse / 16 of the beam, 15 means 42 can also be installed in the gantry to restrict the emission of transverse beams. For this purpose, two pairs of slots (in X and Y) that restrict the divergence of the beams can be, for example, installed between the second quadruple magnet and the first bipolar magnet 47. Thus, restricting the beam divergence, the emission of Transverse bundles, which is proportional to the divergence of the bundles, are also restricted. The first two quadruples installed in the gantry between the entry point 45 and the first bipolar magnet 47 serve to focus the divergent beam, originating from the degrader, before the beam reaches the divergence restriction slits. The necessary degree of reduction in beam emission will depend on the maximum level of emissions that the gantry can accept to transport the beam efficiently and also on the requirements of the beam in the treatment center (such as, for example, the beam size required for adapt to the treatment center). Acceptable beam emissions, as well as beam sizes, may depend on the technique used to shape the beam (for example, pen beam scanning or passive dispersion). The example provided in Fig. 4 concerns a system for the emission of scanning beams. Regarding a proton scanning system using pen beams, beam emission can be, for example, restricted to 7.5 Pi mm mrad, both in X and Y. For practical beam-tuning purposes, just ahead , or downstream of the divergence restriction or the emission restriction slits, a beam profile monitor (not shown in Fig. 4) can be installed. In place of the pair of slots used in X and Y as a means of reducing beam divergence, other means can also be used. For example, it is possible to use openings or collimators, with different diameters, which can be placed on the straight of the bundles.
    If the energy reduction of the beam is very wide (for example, a reduction of protons from 250 MeV to 70 MeV), the degree of emission and divergence of the beam will become very wide, and the diameter of the beam, just before the first quadruple magnet located in the gantry, it can become larger than the diameter of the tube of the bundle line. For this purpose, a collimator (not shown in Fig. 4) can be installed upstream of the first quadruple magnet located in gantry 15, already to limit a part of the beam. This collimator can be / 16 installed in gantry 15, between the entry point 45 and the first quadruple magnet of the gantry. Alternatively, such a collimator can be installed outside the gantry, between the degrader and the entry point 45 of the gantry 15. When such a collimator intended to restrict beam emission is installed in either of the two positions mentioned above, in an alternative way gantry, means 42 intended for the restriction of emissions may be excluded.
    When a beam of particles collides with a divergence and / or with cracks for impulse restriction, neutrons are produced. In order to restrict neutron radiation within the scope of the treatment isocenter 50 where the patient is positioned, it is necessary to provide an adequate shield. As the neutrons are emitted mainly in the direction of the beam, it is possible to install, right after the first bipolar magnet, and through the axis of rotation of the gantry, a shield plug for neutrons 51, in order to shield the neutrons produced in the media intended for restrict the beam emission and installed upstream of the first bipolar magnet 47. Since neutrons are mainly emitted towards the beam, the neutrons produced in the impulse restrictive slits 43 are not directed at the patient. However, a local neutron shield (not shown in Fig. 4) can be installed around the pulse restrictive slits 43, in order to reduce the overall neutron background radiation.
    In order not to overload Fig. 4, details on the mechanical construction of the gantry were omitted on purpose. The following are examples of such mechanical elements, not shown in Fig. 4: two spherical roller bearings for rotating the gantry by at least 180 ° around the patient, a gantry drive and a braking system, a drum structure to support a coil of a cable, and a counterweight necessary to maintain the balance of the rotating gantry.
    When designing a gantry for particle therapies, it is necessary to meet several optical beam conditions. At the entry point of gantry 45, the beam must have identical emission parameters in X and Y, so that an optical solution can be achieved for the gantry beams regardless of the angle of rotation of the gantry. As discussed above, these conditions are naturally respected when the energy degradator is positioned at / 16 in front of the gantry entry point. In addition, it is necessary to meet the following optical conditions of the beams:
    1. The optical system of the gantry beams must be double achromatic, which means that the beam's image properties must be independent of the pulses (without dispersion) and position.
    2. The maximum beam size (one sigma) inside the quadruples should preferably not exceed 2 cm, in order to maintain a reasonable degree of transmission efficiency in the gantry.
    There is also a third condition, which, however, may vary according to the technique used to shape the beam, as discussed above. For a scanning system, this third condition can be described as follows:
    3. At the isocenter 50, the bundle must have a small waist, of substantially identical sizes in X and Y.
    For a dispersion system, the required beam sizes can be specified further upstream of the isocenter (as, for example, at the outlet of the last inclined magnet), and the acceptable dispersion beam sizes are, in general, larger than those referring to the scanning beams (for example, 1 cm at the exit of the last inclined magnet).
    In addition to these three conditions (from items 1 to 3), the present invention still implies new requirements:
    4. In the position of the energy diffusion restrictive slots 43, the nominal dispersion in X should preferably be wide, when compared to the nominal size of the beam in X (to see examples of values, see the debate above).
    Preferably, a gantry according to the invention also comprises means to restrict beam emission, which entails a complementary requirement:
    5. In the position of the emission restrictive slits 42, the beam must have optical parameters (size and divergence), both in X and Y, that allow to cut the divergence. This means, for example, that the beam must be of a reasonable size (for example, from 0.5 cm to 2 cm per sigma).
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    The gantry configuration shown in Fig. 4 is based on an optical study on beams, carried out using the code “TRANSPORT” for beam optics (PSI Graphic Transport Framework by U. Rohrer, based on a CERNSLAC-FERMILAB version, elaborated by KL Brown et al.). Fig. 5 shows, as an example, the X and Y beam envelopes, on the gantry beam line, for 170 MeV proton beams being introduced. The bundle envelopes are plotted in the X and Y directions on the bottom and top panels respectively. In this example, the emission of the final beam corresponds to 12.5 Pi mm mrad. Such a scenario configures a situation where the divergence of the introduced beam has been restricted to 6 mrad in X and Y. Then, the beam transported through the system can be considered as a beam initiated in the degrader, with a small beam point of 1.25 mm and a degree of divergence of 6 mrad. Thanks to this beam optics, a beam size of 3.2 mm is calculated in the treatment isocenter (value of a sigma), which is suitable for performing pen beam scanning. The positions of the quadruple and bipolar magnets are shown in Fig. 5. The vertical positions of the bipolar magnets (the vertical intervals) are not shown in scale in this figure, whose sole purpose is to indicate their position along the central path. Especially the interval in X and Y of the last inclined magnet 49 is much larger than that shown in the scale of Fig. 5, since a wide opening is necessary, since the scanning magnets are positioned upstream of this bipolar magnet, with a wide area scanning to be covered in the isocenter. The position of the scanning magnets along the beam path is indicated by a vertical line. The dotted line represents the nominal dispersion of the X beam. As shown, just before the second bipolar magnet 48, a wide nominal dispersion is obtained, and it is in this position that the restrictive impulse slots 43 should preferably be installed. along the path of the central beam of the pulse restrictive slots 43 is indicated in Fig. 5 by a vertical line. The nominal size of the X beam, in the impulse restrictive slits, corresponds to the approximate value of 0.23 cm, while the nominal X dispersion, in this position, is approximately 2.56 cm, thus allowing to separate the good impulse of the received beam. Preferably, divergent restrictive cracks are also used 42.
    / 16
    A good position for such slots 42 is indicated in Fig. 5, by means of a vertical line. In this position, the approximate beam sizes in X and Y are 1.8 cm and 0.6 cm respectively. This optical solution for the beams now presented meets the conditions of an achromatic double beam.
    , In the example shown in Figs. 4 and 5, a gantry configuration with three bipolar magnets was used, with inclination angles of 36 °, 66 ° and 60 ° respectively. However, the invention is not restricted to a specific configuration of gantries, referring to the number of bipolar magnets or their inclination angles. Nor is the invention restricted to the number of quadruple magnets and their positions in relation to bipolar magnets.
    As a second example, the application for the present invention was filed to cover a large tapered gantry with two bipolar pitches. This scenario corresponds to the gantry configuration shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Such large pitch gantries were constructed by the depositor, and discussed by Pavlovic in “Beam-optics study of the gantry beam delivery system for light-ion cancer therapy”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. In Phys. Res. A 399 (1997), on page 440. In these gantries, a first 45 ° bipolar magnet tilts the beam out of the rotation axis of the gantry, and the beam still follows a second section of straight beam lines, before enter the second 135 ° bipolar magnet that will tilt and direct the beam essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The section of straight beam lines between the entry point of the gantry and the first 45 ° bipolar magnet comprises, in the original design of the gantry, four quadruple magnets (Fig. 2 represents a configuration with only two quadruple magnets installed in this section of straight beams), while the second section of straight lines between the first and the second bipolar magnets comprises five quadruple magnets. Thanks to the use of this gantry, the distance between the outlet of the last tilt magnet and the treatment isocenter is 3 m, and the beam molding elements, configured in the so-called nozzle, are installed upstream of the last tilt magnet. To shape the beam, this nozzle can use both the passive dispersion and scanning techniques, as required by the treatment target. These scanning magnets are an integral part of the nozzle and are thus installed downstream of the last bipolar magnet in the gantry.
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    An optical analysis of the beams in this gantry configuration with two bipolar was performed. The same conditions and requirements discussed above were observed. The resulting bundle envelopes, and contained in this gantry, are shown in Fig. 6, with respect to a 160 MeV proton beam. The bundle envelopes are plotted in the X and Y directions in the lower and upper panels respectively. The positions, along the path of the central beams, of the 45 ° 67 bipolar magnet, the 135 ° bipolar magnet and the several quadruple magnets 44 are shown in Fig. 6. Also in this configuration, the energy degrader is installed just before of the gantry entry window and, as an example, in this calculation, the divergence was cut into 8 mrad, and the final beam emission corresponds to 10 Pi mm mrad, both in X and Y. The bundle envelope, as shown in Fig. 6, it starts at the entrance window of the gantry, and the beam size corresponds to 1.25 mm (value of a sigma). In this gantry configuration, the first section of straight lines between the entry window and the first 45 ° tilt magnet of gantry 67 comprises four quadruple magnets. The devices for the divergence restriction 42 are installed between the second and third quadruple magnets, being indicated by a vertical line in Fig. 6. The pulse restriction slots 43 are installed in a position where the nominal X dispersion is wide , when compared to the nominal beam size. The dotted line over Fig. 6 represents the nominal dispersion of the X beam. The position of the restrictive slots in the pulse dispersion is indicated by a vertical line over Fig. 6. In this position, the approximate nominal dispersion is 2.6 cm in X, while the approximate nominal size of the beam in X (value of a sigma) is 0.6 cm, which is suitable for the analysis of the received beam, according to the pulse and the restriction of the pulse diffusion to a certain value, by placing the slots in their respective positions. The bundle envelope shown in Fig. 6 corresponds to a tuning solution for a nozzle that uses the scanning technique (the scanning magnets are installed downstream of the 135 ° bipolar magnet, although they are not shown in Fig. 6). This gantry configuration used in this optical beam analysis also comprises two quadruple magnets installed upstream of the last 135 ° 68 bipolar magnet, as shown in Fig. 6. Through this tuning solution, / 16 is obtained, in the isocenter, a double waist in X and Y, with a beam size of 4 mm (value of a sigma), which is suitable for scanning using pen beams. This optical beam solution meets the conditions of an achromatic double.
    An apparatus for particle therapies 100 can be formed from the combination of a fixed energy particle accelerator, a rotary gantry according to the invention, that is, a rotary gantry comprising means to restrict the diffusion of energy or beam impulses, and which preferably also comprises means to restrict beam emission. As shown in Fig. 4, which is an example of a device for proton therapies, it is possible to obtain a compact geometry, and the necessary coverage for the building to house the facilities containing that device is less than that needed for an autonomous system. of energy selection.
    Although the embodiments described herein refer primarily to proton gantries, the invention is not restricted to them. Anyone skilled in the art will be able to easily apply the elements of the invention, namely, the means for analyzing beams (designed to restrict emissions and diffused energy), for gantries to be used with any type of charged particles, such as, for example, gantries for carbon ions or other light ions.
    Gantries for particle therapy have been designed for many years, and in conjunction with immobile fixed energy particle accelerators, an autonomous energy selection system has always been installed on the beam line between the accelerator and the gantry. According to the present invention, a new configuration of gantries is offered which comprise means intended to restrict the diffusion of energy or beam impulses, and preferably, which also comprise means for restricting beam emission. Thus, the gantry itself comprises features of the standard energy selection system already provided for in the prior state of the art. Through a gantry project equipped with these means of beam analysis, as described above, a more compact device for particle therapies can be built.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. A ROTARY GANTRY (15) designed to receive, transport and emit a beam of particles, along a beam path, for use in particle therapy, which comprises an entry point (45) for the beam to enter
    5 of particles in a direction that leads substantially along an axis of rotation of the gantry, characterized in that it comprises means (43) to limit the diffusion of the beam particle impulse to a selected maximum value, where said means (43) to limit that diffusion of the beam particle impulse is located in a position, along the particle path, where a dispersion
    10 nominal, according to the impulse of a particle is greater than the nominal size of the beam in said position, and where such nominal dispersion is defined as a transverse displacement of a particle, whose impulse differs by 1% (one percent) of the mean impulse P of all beam particles, and where the nominal beam size is defined as a sigma size for a beam of
    15 monoenergetic particles, equipped with an average impulse P.
    [2]
    2. GANTRY (15), according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises means (42) to limit the transverse emissions of the particle beam to a selected maximum value.
    [3]
    3. GANTRY (15) according to claim 2, characterized in that the means
    20 (42) to limit the transverse beam emissions, are located in the opposite direction to the means (43) to limit the diffusion of the beam particle impulse.
    [4]
    4. GANTRY (15) according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the means (42) for limiting the transverse emissions of the particle beam are slits or emission openings or collimators.
    25
    [5]
    5. GANTRY (15) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (43) for limiting the pulse diffusion of beam particles are slits, openings or collimators for the analysis of pulses.
    [6]
    6. A PARTICLE THERAPY APPARATUS (100), characterized by comprising a particle bundle generator (40), a
    The energy (41) for pulse reduction of said particle beam and a gantry (15) according to any of the preceding claims.
    [7]
    7. A PARTICULATE THERAPY APPLIANCE (100), characterized by comprising a particle bundle generator (40), a
    Petition 870170077343, of 10/10/2017, p. 8/9
    2/2 energy (41) for the reduction of impulses of said beam of particles, a collimator to restrict any emission of the mentioned beam of particles, and a gantry (15) according to any of the previous claims, the said collimator being located between the energy degradator (41) and the gantry (15).
    Petition 870170077343, of 10/10/2017, p. 9/9
    1/6 +
    T ° bombeamentoN station _____________ t ^ dq leak detector;
    ESS [|; BTS
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2490765B1|2016-09-21|
    CN102695544B|2016-05-11|
    ES2605031T3|2017-03-10|
    US10052498B2|2018-08-21|
    US10799714B2|2020-10-13|
    EP2490765A1|2012-08-29|
    CN102695544A|2012-09-26|
    JP2013508046A|2013-03-07|
    US20160199671A1|2016-07-14|
    US20190151677A1|2019-05-23|
    JP5748153B2|2015-07-15|
    WO2011048088A1|2011-04-28|
    US9289624B2|2016-03-22|
    JP6105671B2|2017-03-29|
    JP2015163229A|2015-09-10|
    KR20120107942A|2012-10-04|
    BR112012009315A2|2016-06-07|
    KR101768028B1|2017-08-14|
    US20120280150A1|2012-11-08|
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-21| B65X| Notification of requirement for priority examination of patent application|
    2017-04-11| B65Y| Grant of priority examination of the patent application (request complies with dec. 132/06 of 20061117)|
    2017-05-23| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2017-08-29| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2017-10-31| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2018-02-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP09173989.6|2009-10-23|
    EP09173989|2009-10-23|
    PCT/EP2010/065707|WO2011048088A1|2009-10-23|2010-10-19|Gantry comprising beam analyser for use in particle therapy|
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